Dr. Tabitha Chapman-Gray, PhD, MFT

Forensic Research Psychologist | Executive Director | Educator | Marriage and Family Therapist | Doctor of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

Email: tabbychapman@gmail.com | tabby@thefreedomtrainproject.org
Website: https://tabbychapman.com
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/tabby

Humanist Therapist, Forensic Psychology, and Victim Advocacy
Non-Profit | Academic | Legislative | Governmental | Applied

Executive Summary

Dr. Tabitha Chapman-Gray, PhD, is a Forensic Psychologist, Marriage and Family Therapist, and researcher whose career focuses on the intersections of coercive control, trauma, and family systems. She brings a distinctive blend of clinical expertise, scholarly research, and advocacy leadership to the fields of victim services and mental health.

She is a lead force behind the Freedom Train Project, Inc., where she advances awareness, training, and resources for survivors of coercive groups and systems of control. As the founder of International Cult Awareness Month, Dr. Chapman-Gray has created a global platform for survivor voices, professional education, and cross-disciplinary dialogue. These initiatives reflect her commitment to dismantling myths, addressing systemic blind spots, and ensuring that survivors of cults, trafficking, and domestic violence are recognized within the broader victim services landscape.

Her dissertation, “A Quantitative Comparison of Victim Service Provider Myth Acceptance Regarding Cult Victims as Well as Their Polyvictimization Subtypes,” breaks new ground by examining how professional biases shape responses to victims of cult involvement. This research illuminates training gaps across service systems and underscores the importance of education in reshaping practice, policy, and survivor outcomes.

In addition to her advocacy work, Dr. Chapman-Gray is Co-Founder of Gray’s Trauma-Informed Care Services Corp and Gray’s Behavioral Health Group, where she contributes her clinical and forensic expertise to expanding trauma-informed, evidence-based models of care. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, she offers a compassionate and systemic approach to healing for individuals, couples, and families navigating the aftermath of trauma and coercion.

A respected scholar and clinician, she is frequently sought for her insights on coercive control, polyvictimization, and family strength. Grounded by her roles as a wife and mother, she brings authenticity and empathy to every facet of her work. Through research, advocacy, and practice, Dr. Chapman-Gray is reshaping how society understands and responds to victims—ensuring their experiences are met with dignity, credibility, and meaningful support.

“You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think.”
— A. A. Milne

Curriculum Vitae

SENIOR/EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL, THERAPIST & EDUCATOR

Psychology, Mental Health, Parenting, Coercion, Education, Violence Prevention and Support Services

Overview | Professional Experience | Previous Experience & Volunteer Positions | Social Media | Awards & Recognition | Training | Education | Public Policy Contributions and Legislative Endorsements | Professional Memberships | Annexure | Honor Societies | Publications & Contributions to the Field | Speaking Engagements | Media Appeaerances | Courses

Overview

I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, and Senior Research Professional with expertise in trauma, coercive control, and family systems. My background bridges clinical practice, scholarly research, and victim advocacy, with a focus on addressing systemic blind spots in the recognition and support of survivors. I am skilled in advancing cross-disciplinary collaboration, developing training models, and designing evidence-informed strategies that improve outcomes for parenting, victims of cult involvement, domestic violence, and human trafficking.

As an educator, trainer, and advocate, I am a persuasive communicator and strategic thinker, experienced in uniting professionals across psychology, law, and victim services to build consensus and reform practice. Through initiatives such as the Freedom Train Project, Inc. and the creation of International Cult Awareness Month, I have established platforms that amplify survivor voices, foster public awareness, and drive innovation in professional training.

I demonstrate a strong record of building partnerships with victim service providers, academic institutions, policymakers, and community organizations. In clinical practice, I emphasize strengths, autonomy, and systemic healing for individuals, couples, and families. I am detail-oriented, deadline-driven, and highly effective in balancing research, program development, and advocacy in demanding environments.

My expertise includes clinical treatment, research design, professional training, group facilitation, victim service reform, community engagement, and systems-level strategy. I bring both analytical rigor and compassion to my work, ensuring that every initiative contributes to meaningful change in how society responds to trauma and coercion.

Core Competencies: Victim Services Training & Advocacy | Coercive Control & Cultic Studies | Polyvictimization Research | Forensic Psychology | Marriage & Family Therapy | Trauma-Informed Clinical Practice | Clinical Assessment & Intervention | Domestic Violence & Human Trafficking Response | Crisis Intervention & Safety Planning | Family Systems Therapy | Survivor-Centered Care | Mental Health Education & Training | Program Development & Evaluation | Professional Development & Cross-Disciplinary Training | Stakeholder Engagement | Community Organizing & Awareness Campaigns | International Cult Awareness Month Leadership | Freedom Train Project Advocacy | Research Design & Data Analysis | Public Policy & Victim Services Reform | Forensic Applications in Law & Psychology

Professional Experience

The Freedom Train Project Incorporated, Lake Elsinore CA | October 2020 – Current

Executive Director

As Executive Director of The Freedom Train Project, Inc., a nonprofit victim advocacy outreach agency, I provide visionary leadership and strategic direction to programs serving survivors of coercion, including cult involvement, human trafficking, and domestic violence. I oversee organizational operations, program development, grant writing, and community outreach to ensure effective delivery of trauma-informed support services. My role involves building and managing partnerships with law enforcement, mental health professionals, and community organizations to expand resources for survivors, as well as training staff and volunteers in best practices for victim advocacy. I also engage in public speaking, policy advocacy, and media outreach to raise awareness of coercive control and victimization, while ensuring compliance with nonprofit governance, financial stewardship, and reporting requirements.

  • Conceived and launched a 501(c)(3) non‑profit to support victims of coercive control and cultic abuse after surviving the NXIVM cult. The organization collaborates with experts across the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and victimology
  • Developed public‑education initiatives on coercive control and cultic abuse, such as International Cult Abuse Awareness Month, victim‑centred media guidelines and a directory service for professionals working with cult victims
  • Oversees peer‑support groups and readiness‑support programmes that help victims rebuild their lives; emphasises unity, transparency, empowerment and inclusivity in all services
  • Manages fundraising, grants, staff/volunteer recruitment, strategic planning and community outreach for the organization.

Victim Advocate

As a Victim Advocate, I worked directly with survivors of coercion, trafficking, cult involvement, and domestic violence to provide individualized, trauma-informed support. I guided clients through crisis intervention and recovery processes by helping them create safety plans, navigate the legal system, and access essential services such as emergency housing, medical care, and counseling. My role involved accompanying clients to court hearings and law enforcement interviews, ensuring their voices were heard and their rights protected. I also built trusting, supportive relationships that empowered survivors to make informed decisions and regain control over their lives. Beyond one-on-one advocacy, I contributed to prevention efforts by facilitating workshops, providing community education, and raising awareness about the dynamics of coercive control.

Sonia Gonzini Counseling Services, Temecula, Ca | February 2024 | Associate Marriage and Family Therapist

As an associate therapist I provided comprehensive one‑on‑one therapy, beginning with biopsychosocial assessments and diagnostic evaluations to understand clients’ presenting issues and develop a coherent case conceptualization. I collaborated with clients to create individualized treatment plans that defined the problem, established clear goals and objectives, outlined interventions and timelines, and identified strategies for responding to triggers. I conducted thorough risk assessments and developed safety plans that identified warning signs, coping strategies, support contacts and professional resources. These plans emphasized empowerment and proactive coping, ensuring that clients had practical tools for navigating crises while maintaining agency in their treatment

Life Source Affordable Counseling Services, Riverside, Ca | June 2021– April 2024 | Associate Marriage and Family Therapist

At the nonprofit counseling center I was part of a collaborative training environment that prioritized ongoing group supervision and clinical skill development. In weekly group supervision meetings, I presented cases and received feedback from peers and supervisors, while participating in specialized trainings that sharpened my diagnostic assessments, treatment planning and therapeutic techniques. The organization embraced cultural humility, encouraging clinicians to engage in continuous self‑reflection, recognize power imbalances in the therapy room and approach every client with genuine curiosity and openness. I was trained in Comprehensive Resource Modeling, a model similar to Brainspotting. I ensured clients felt seen and respected, misunderstandings were reduced, and individuals were empowered to guide their own treatment. I provided individual, group and family therapy to clients across the lifespan and from diverse cultural, socioeconomic and trauma backgrounds, tailoring interventions to their unique needs while integrating evidence‑based practices and the nonprofit’s commitment to cultural humility.

  • Provided compassionate, trauma‑informed therapy to individuals, couples and families, applying Comprehensive Resource Modeling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and other modalities to address mental‑ and emotional‑health and relationship healing
  • Created a safe, supportive environment that empowered clients to explore relationship dynamics, communication problems and personal growth; fostered empowerment and self‑efficacy
  • Focused on making mental‑health care accessible and inclusive through low‑cost sessions and community outreach.

Life Source Affordable Counseling Services, Riverside, Ca | June 2020 – June 2021 | Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee

During my graduate practicum at the nonprofit clinic I gained hands‑on clinical experience under the supervision of licensed therapists. I completed a 500‑hour practicum that included both direct contact (intake screenings, individual counseling, group counseling, psychoeducational groups and family or couples therapy) and indirect activities such as treatment planning, record‑keeping, staff consultation and other administrative duties. Each week I attended 2-6 hours of group supervision, during which we reviewed recorded sessions, discussed case conceptualizations and received feedback to hone our clinical skills. Supervisors at the organization served as teachers, consultants, coaches and mentors—observing sessions, offering case consultations, modeling interventions and fostering an atmosphere that promoted learning, self‑motivation and professional growth. I also participated in continuing education workshops, prepared case presentations and ensured timely completion of all clinical paperwork and documentation. This practicum allowed me to refine my therapeutic techniques and cultural humility while working with a wide variety of clients and presenting problems, laying a strong foundation for my subsequent clinical work.

Golden West College, Huntington Beach, Ca | Aug 2017 – Dec 2023 | Adjunct Instructor

As an adjunct professor in the Computer Science department, I designed and delivered lecture and lab instruction in multiple programming courses across in‑person and online formats. I taught multiple courses in Computer Science. Throughout these courses I developed and designed the courses, prepared syllabi, coordinated labs, developed assessments, mentored diverse students and collaborated with the department chair on curriculum updates and marketing for low‑enrollment courses, ensuring a supportive learning environment that bridged theory and real‑world software development practices.

Courses Taught: Introduction to Computer Software Development, C#, Web Programming with .NET, Java Programming, Ruby, Web Programming and Design

Gray’s Trauma-Informed Care Services, Lake Elsinore, Ca | Jan 2017 – Educator | Co-Founder

As an educator and co‑founder of Gray’s Trauma‑Informed Care Services, I develop and lead training initiatives that help providers understand trauma’s pervasive impact, respond empathetically and create safe, empowering environments for survivors. Drawing on evidence‑based research, I design professional development curricula that emphasize the core principles of trauma‑informed care—realizing the prevalence of trauma, recognizing its effects, responding appropriately and actively resisting re‑traumatization. These programs equip advocates, administrators and frontline staff to support individuals affected by domestic violence, human trafficking, child abuse, cult exploitation and other forms of polyvictimization, ensuring their practices promote physical, psychological and emotional safety while fostering survivors’ sense of control and empowerment.

Mind Over Media | 2025 | Podcaster/Podcast Host/Editor

In my role with the Mind Over Media YouTube podcast, I co‑host episodes that use popular media as a gateway to talk about mental health, politics and critical thinking. For example, in a special Star Trek Day episode streamed in September 2025, my co‑host Amber and I “boldly go” into the intersection of fiction, politics and critical thinking, exploring how Star Trek’s lessons about the Prime Directive, the Mirror Universe and authoritarianism illuminate current events in the United States. We discuss how modern authoritarian politics and cult‑like loyalty affect democratic engagement and examine technology, representation and media narratives as battlegrounds for hope and resistance. Throughout the podcast we blend personal stories, media analysis and trauma‑informed insights to encourage listeners to reflect on their own mental and emotional health and to appreciate how films, games and other media can inspire strength and empathy.

Night Owl Media Group, LLC – Founder & Owner

  • Operates a digital‑media company providing publishing services, WordPress development, content strategy and technical consulting to small businesses and non‑profit organizations.
  • Manages client relationships, project budgets and subcontractors; design and develop custom websites and online learning platforms.
  • Creates and Maintains Digital Media for Various Clients
  • Manages Non-Profit Websites pro-bono as in-kind donations

Previous Experience & Volunteer Positions

  • Saddleback Moms of Multiples Club Vice President of Support | Volunteer (2018-2020)
  • Sunday Assembly Orange County Steering Committee | Volunteer (2016-2017)
  • COVID-19 Case Manager for Students | Volunteer (2020)
  • Brandman University Psychology Club Founding Student President | Volunteer (2020-2021)
  • American Soccer Youth Organization (Area 51), Orange County Child & Volunteer Protection Advocate | Volunteer (2019-2020)
  • Coming Out Support Community | Volunteer (2008-2016)
  • Software Engineer and Website Developer
    • University of California, Irvine (Aug 2013-2017)
    • Zeek Interactive Inc (Oct 2011-Aug 2013)
    • InfoEd Global (2005-2007)
    • Girls by Design (2008-2009)
    • Sodahead, Inc (2008)
    • Vantage Media (2007)
    • Bitscribe (2006)
    • Hamon & Associates (2004-2006)
    • Northwest Nazarene University (2003-2004)

Social Media

Certifications, Awards, & Recognition

  • Presidential Volunteer Service Award – Lifetime Achievement Award Given by The Freedom Train Project Incorporated | 2024
  • NOVA Board of Directors Awardee Honoree for Tadini Bacigalupi Jr. Award | 2023
  • Karen Cooper Lifetime Award for Beloved Community Advocate from California Partnership to End Domestic Violence | June, 2022
  • Presidential Volunteer Service Award – Gold | 2023
  • Daily Point of Light Award | Apr 2022
  • AmeriCorps Point of Light Inspiration Honor Roll – Outstanding Victim Services Professional. | June 2022
  • Lean Six Sigma White Belt Certification, Management & Strategy Institute (issued Oct 2018)
  • Certified Domestic Violence Advocate (CDVA) – training in victim advocacy and crisis intervention | 2017
  • Core Management Principles Certification – Foundational management and leadership concepts | 2015
  • Diversity Development Certification – Cultural competence, equity and inclusion | 2015
  • Mediation Certification (Basic Mediation, 40 hours) – Formal training in conflict resolution and facilitated dialogue | 2015

Public Policy Contributions and Legislative Endorsements

SENATE BILL: Request to Modify and Publish Opinion
Stance : Support for Publishing Opinion X.K v. M.C., Court of Appeal Case No. A170020
Organization : Family Violence Appellate Project (FVAP)
Received by :

  • Honorable Tracie L. Brown, Presiding Justice
  • Honorable Jon B. Streeter, Associate Justice
  • Honorable Jeremy M. Goldman, Associate Justice

SENATE BILL: SB 841
Stance : Support for SB 841 Immigration enforcement.(ver. 98)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Judiciary Committee
  • Senate Rules Committee
  • Senate Public Safety Committee
  • Alex Hirsch (Author Staff – Rubio)

ASSEMBLY BILL: AB 3127
Stance : Support for AB 3127 Reporting of crimes: mandated reporters.(ver. 97)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Public Safety Committee
  • Sean Porter (Author Staff – McKinnor)

ASSEMBLY BILL: AB 3127
Stance : Support for AB 3127 Reporting of crimes: mandated reporters.(ver. 99)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Assembly Public Safety Committee
  • Sean Porter (Author Staff – McKinnor)

ASSEMBLY BILL: AB 1028
Stance : Support for AB 1028 Reporting of crimes: mandated reporters.(ver. 97)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Public Safety Committee
  • Senate Appropriations Committee
  • Sierra Sheppard (Author Staff – McKinnor)

ASSEMBLY BILL: AB 1028
Stance :
Support for AB 1028 Reporting of crimes: mandated reporters.
Received by :

  • Senate Public Safety Committee

ASSEMBLY BILL – AB 2791
Stance :
Support for AB 2791 Sheriffs: service of process and notices.(ver. 98)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Judiciary Committee
  • Brady McCarthy (Author Staff – Bloom)

SENATE BILL: SB 1017
Stance :
Support for SB 1017 Leases: termination of tenancy: abuse or violence.(ver. 99)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Judiciary Committee
  • Alicia Hatfield (Author Staff – Eggman)

SENATE BILL: SB 975
Stance :
Support for SB 975 Debt: coerced debts: right of action.(ver. 99)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Judiciary Committee

SENATE BILL: SB 914
Stance :
Support for SB 914 Homeless domestic violence survivors and data systems: local and state support and guidelines.(ver. 99)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Senate Housing Committee
  • Senate Human Services Committee

ASSEMBLY BILL: AB 1726
Stance :
Support for AB 1726 Address confidentiality program.(ver. 99)
Organization : GRAY’S TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE SERVICES CORP
Received by :

  • Assembly Judiciary Committee
  • Nora Lynn (Author Staff – Aguiar-Curry)

Training

  • Individual Therapy
  • Marriage Therapy
  • Pre-marital Therapy
  • Family Therapy
  • Group Therapy
  • Session Notes
  • Cult Abuse
  • Coercive Control
  • Domestic Violence
  • Family Systems
  • Drug & Alcohol
  • Humanistic Framework
  • Mandated Reporter Training
  • Research
  • Risk Assessment
  • Crisis Intervention
  • Training
  • Management
  • Personal and Professional Development
  • Teaching
  • Event Coordination
  • Group Facilitation
  • Sex-Trafficking Prevention and Intervention
  • Case Management
  • Client Assessment
  • Trauma-Focused Car

Education

  • Doctorate of Philosophy in Psychology, Public Policy, and Law with an Emphasis in Victimology | Alliant International University | August 2025
  • Master of Arts in Psychology (Dual Emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling) | University of Massachusetts Global | Irvine | 2021
  • Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science | Northwest Nazarene University | 2004

Professional Memberships

  • APA (American Psychological Association)
    • Division 7 – Developmental Psychology
    • Division 8 – Society for Personlity and Social Psycholog
    • Division 33 – Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities/Autism Spectrum Disorder
    • Division 35 – Society for the Psychology of Women
    • Division 37 – Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice
    • Division 41 – American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS
    • Division 56 – Trauma Psychology
  • CAMFT (California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists)
  • AAMFT (American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists)
  • CAPCC (California Association for Professional Clinical Counselors)
  • CalNonProfits
  • Internationl Cultic Studies Association

Honor Societies

  • Golden Key International Honor Society

Publications

Speaking Engagements, Conferences, Podcasts, and Webinars

Media Appearances

Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult – Starz

Clip: https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgkxnVlZh7oteUI3C8kOsjgeiTCC-YKQSrSD

Branded & Brainwashed: Inside NXIVM (2023) – Tubi

Clip:

Branded & Brainwashed: Inside NXIVM (2023) – Tubi

Clip:

Courses

Advanced Individual Counseling 1Counseling Process, TheForensic Victimology: Prevention and Safety PlanningPsychology and Law in Public Policy
Advanced Individual Counseling 2Criminal Law and the Justice SystemForensics in a Global ContextResearch Bibliographic Methods
Assessment & Treatment of Sexual DisordersCrisis Trauma CounselingIntroduction to Forensic PsychologyStatistics I
Assessment & Treatment of Substance AbuseDiscourse as EvidenceLegal ResearchStatistics II
Child & AdolescentEthical & Professional IssuesLifespan Development, Aging, & Long-Term CareTransition to Work & Career
Psychology / Child Abuse ReportingFamily Systems & TheoriesMarital Systems Study: Domestic ViolenceVictimology
Civil Law and JusticeFamily Therapy Theory & TechniquesMedia Psychology, Law, and PolicyDissertation I-VII
Clinical Issues in Human DiversityForensic ConsultingPsychopathology and Abnormal BehaviorPracticum I-III
Community & Environmental Mental HealthForensic Program EvaluationPsychopharmacologyPsychology Seminar
Contemporary Threat ManagementForensic Victimology: Investigation and InterventionPsychological AssessmentIntroduction to Sociology

Personal Statement

II am a dedicated Marriage and Family Therapist and Victim Advocate with extensive experience supporting individuals, couples, and families through complex relational, emotional, and trauma-related challenges. My clinical work emphasizes creating a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore experiences of conflict, grief, abuse, and identity struggles while developing healthier coping skills and stronger interpersonal connections.

As a therapist, I specialize in guiding families through communication barriers, intergenerational conflict, and systemic issues that impact overall well-being. I integrate evidence-based approaches with a strengths-focused perspective, tailoring interventions to each client’s unique circumstances. My work is grounded in collaboration and empowerment, helping clients rebuild trust, establish boundaries, and foster strength-building.

In my role as a victim advocate, I work to ensure survivors of domestic violence, coercion, and trauma have access to both immediate safety and long-term healing resources. I provide crisis intervention, safety planning, and advocacy across legal, medical, and community systems, while offering trauma-informed therapeutic support that addresses both emotional recovery and practical needs.

Across all areas of practice, I am deeply committed to breaking cycles of violence, reducing stigma around mental health, and promoting healthier, safer, and more connected lives for individuals and families.

When I am not working on my professional life’s mission, I am slowing life down with my family on our farm, enjoying time with the chickens, goats, and dogs, and embracing the grounding peace of being outdoors in nature.

Sample Work

Academic Publications & Contributions

Chapman, T. (2025). Children of God Cult. Encyclopedia of Religious Psychology and Behavior, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38971-9_1412-1

            The Children of God, later rebranded as The Family International (TFI), was founded in 1968 by David Brandt Berg in Huntington Beach, California. Initially an evangelical Christian group, initially known as Teens for Christ, quickly became notorious for its radical teachings and highly controversial practices, particularly those involving sex trafficking, sexual exploitation and abuse of minors (McFarland, 1994; Raine & Kent, 2019; Van Zandt, 1991)

Chapman, T. (2025). General Public vs. Victim Service Victim Myth Acceptance: A Quantitative Comparative Analysis About Cult Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Human Trafficking Polyvictimizations (Doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University).

Ethical Concerns in Research

This research delves into perceptions of VSPs and the General Public toward cult victims and those experiencing polyvictimization, necessitating a careful and respectful approach to its methodology and data handling. This includes confidentiality and privacy of the research participants, informed consent, subject matter sensitivity, bias and objectivity, ethical approval and oversight, and ethical handling of data collection. A primary ethical concern is the confidentiality and privacy of the research participants. Given the potentially sensitive information provided by respondents, the study prioritizes the security of personal data to ensure that individual responses remain confidential, and participants cannot be identified.

Results and Hypothesis Testing

Recall that Hypothesis 3 states that the VSPs will accept more myths about cult victims than domestic violence victims. This hypothesis was tested by one repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) follow-up simple effects tests for the Study Group x Victim Type Profile Analysis interaction that compare the VSP’s perceptions across the three victim types. The results above did not significantly indicate that Victim Service accepted more myths for cults than they did for domestic violence (p > .025), however the results did suggest that VSPs accepted more myths about cults than domestic violence (p = .030). These results tend to support Hypothesis 3, though not at the conservative significance level used to adjust for Type 1 Error Inflation.

Conclusion and Policy Implications

Victims of cults currently do not receive adequate support from victim service systems, despite the increasing prosecution of cult leaders and organizations and the growing recognition of polyvictimization within these environments. Given the complexity of cult-related abuse, which often includes elements of domestic violence, labor trafficking, and sexual exploitation, support should be integrated across all phases of the survivor’s journey: escape, legal retribution, and long-term healing. Importantly, access to services should not be contingent upon criminal reporting. Victims of cults, like those of domestic violence and human trafficking, should be able to obtain trauma-informed support without being required to engage law enforcement or legal processes.

Chapman, T. (2023). Child-centered approach, family polyvictimization. In Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence (pp. 1-8). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A child-centered approach to evaluating polyvictimization involves prioritizing the child’s perspective and experiences when assessing their exposure to multiple types of victimization. This approach recognizes that children who have experienced polyvictimization may have unique needs and concerns that require attention and seeks to involve them in the evaluation process as much as possible. It also considers the potential impact of polyvictimization on various aspects of the child’s development, including their mental health, social relationships, and academic functioning. Ultimately, a child-centered approach to polyvictimization aims to empower children and support their healing by ensuring that their voices are heard and their needs are met.